平方根法則與去平方根

  $x\gt 0$ $x=0$ $x\lt 0$
$(\sqrt x)^2$ $(\sqrt 2)^2=2$ $(\sqrt 0)^2=0$ $(\sqrt{-2})^2=$ 無意義
$(-\sqrt x)^2$ $(-\sqrt 2)^2=2$ $(-\sqrt 0)^2=0$ $(-\sqrt{-2})^2=$ 無意義
$\sqrt {x^2}$ $\sqrt {2^2}=2$ $\sqrt {0^2}=0$ $\sqrt {(-2)^2}=2$
$\sqrt {(-x)^2}$ $\sqrt {(-2)^2}=2$ $\sqrt {(-0)^2}=0$ $\sqrt {[-(-2)]^2}=2$

★ 當 $x\ge 0$ 時, $(\pm \sqrt x)^2=x$

★ $\sqrt{a^2}=|a| \begin{cases} a\gt 0 \Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2}=a \\ a=0 \Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2}=0 \\ a\lt 0 \Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2}=-a \end{cases}$

觀念影片